Perception and Level of Adoption of Virtual Farmers’ Field School in the Province of Bulacan

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic greatly disrupted conventional agricultural training programs, prompting the Provincial Agriculture Office (PAO) of Bulacan to implement the Virtual Farmers’ Field School (VFFS) on vegetable production in 2021. This study evaluated the extent to which smallholder farmers integrated vegetable production practices taught through the VFFS and analyzed how socio-demographic profiles, farming characteristics, and perceived challenges influenced their application of these practices. A total of 90 VFFS graduates from eight cities and municipalities in Bulacan were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. The research assessed practice application across four key production stages: land preparation, planting, crop management, and harvesting. Results revealed a generally high level of practice integration, particularly in planting, crop management, and harvesting. A statistically significant negative relationship was found between age and the degree of practice use, indicating that younger farmers were more receptive to the virtual training format and more likely to apply the recommended technologies and techniques in their farming activities. These findings highlight the effectiveness of virtual agricultural extension programs in improving farming practices among smallholder farmers, especially when supported by enabling systems. To further promote inclusivity and long-term sustainability, the study recommends strengthening digital infrastructure, enhancing farmers’ digital literacy, and institutionalizing a hybrid approach that combines online and in-person learning.